Introduction Predicates, propositional logic and quantifiers are basic concepts of mathematical logic useful and needed when doing formal verification. Propositional Logic : basis of mathematical logic, dealing with boolean variables and operations....
As blockchain ecosystems continue to grow, the need for efficient, secure, and customizable cross-chain communication has become paramount. LayerZero, a protocol designed to facilitate trustless omnichain interoperability, has evolved significantly f...
Introduction Think of Ethereum contract storage like a giant library with infinite shelves, where each shelf (slot) is exactly 32 bytes wide. Many developers new to Solidity imagine storage working like a continuous bookshelf where books (data) are p...
https://docs.ton.org/learn/tvm-instructions/tvm-overview What are messages and what are transactions? ✉️ Message - the things that happens in between two contracts. It carries a little bit of coins and arbitrary data to a contract address. 💎 Transa...
Fuel's Purpose-Built Architecture Fuel introduces a novel architecture specifically optimized for Ethereum rollups. This architecture addresses the core issues by integrating: Parallelization: FuelVM supports parallel transaction execution, leveragi...
Invariant testing as kind of super-fuzzing Fuzz Test = many randomly generated values and verify assertion Invariant test : apply same idea but to the system as a whole, during an invariant test, the fuzzer run again all functions in all contracts ...
